🧱 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python

📌 What is OOP?

Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects. It allows structuring code in a way that is modular, reusable, and easier to maintain.

🔑 Key Concepts in OOP

• Class: A blueprint for creating objects (like a template).
• Object: A real instance of a class.
• Attributes: Variables inside the class.
• Methods: Functions defined in a class.
• Constructor: Special method __init__() used for initialization.
• Encapsulation: Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through methods.
• Inheritance: One class inherits properties and methods of another.
• Polymorphism: The ability to use a common interface for different data types.

🧪 Example: Simple Class & Object

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, course):
        self.name = name
        self.course = course

    def introduce(self):
        print(f"Hi, I'm {self.name} and I'm studying {self.course}.")

# Creating objects
s1 = Student("Ravi", "Python")
s2 = Student("Anjali", "Data Science")

s1.introduce()
s2.introduce()

🧬 Inheritance Example

class Teacher:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def teach(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is teaching")

class MathTeacher(Teacher):
    def teach(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is teaching Mathematics")

# Inherited behavior
m1 = MathTeacher("Suman")
m1.teach()

⚙️ Why Use OOP?

• Makes code modular and organized
• Encourages code reuse through inheritance
• Makes programs scalable and maintainable

🔗 References

• Python Docs – Classes and Objects
• W3Schools – Python Classes